1970 - , Bachelor of Arts (English Language and Literature, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakesch, 1993), Master of Arts (Applied Humanities, Al-Akhawayn University, Ifrane, Marokko, 1997), Ph.D. (Socio-Cultural Anthropology, University of Arizona, Tucson, 2006), seit 2008 Assistant Professor an der School of Middle Eastern and North African Studies der University of Arizona; Professor am Maurice Amado Endowed Chair in Sephardic Studies der University of California, Los Angeles